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[기술동향] [Biwater] 캘리포니아 재사용 계약 성공
[Biwater] 캘리포니아 재사용 계약 성공
영국 물 기술 그룹인 Biwater사가 캘리포니아 하수 재사용 담수화 프로젝트 계획에 대해 모든 공정·기계·전기·제어 부품을 설계, 공급, 위탁하는 계약을 체결했다.
Padre 댐 용수 구역에서 진보된 물 처리 플랜트의 선두 계약자인 통합 물 솔루션(IWS)사는 턴키 프로젝트를 제공하기 위해 Biwater를 선정했다. 1백55만 달러 상당의 담수화 프로젝트는 주로부터 3백만 달러 기금을 받고, 간접적인 음용수 재사용 시설을 구성할 계획이다. 플랜트는 네 단계 물 처리 과정을 포함하는데, 염소살균, 멤브레인 정화, 역삼투, UV 향상 산화과정을 거친다.이 프로젝트는 필드펌프, 염소 접촉기, 염소 투여 시스템, 정밀여과 시스템, 역삼투 시스템, 자외선을 사용하는 향상된 산화 과정 시스템, 프로그램가능 논리제어·기기장치, 감시제어센터, 전기 패널을 모두 포함할 것으로 보인다. 콜로라도를 본부로 한 IWS사는 도시 엔지니어링·건설 작업을 수행할 계획이다.
위원회 이후, 시연 프로젝트는 Padre 댐 지역의 하수처리 플랜트로부터 이차 폐수가 처리되는 일 년 간 운영될 계획이다. 0.5Ml/d의 처리된 물은 캘리포니아 공공 보건국의 초안 규제를 충족하거나 초과하는 기준을 확립할 수 있도록 시연과 테스팅 목적으로 사용될 것이다.동시에 연구는 캘리포니아의 더 많은 고객에게 서비스를 제공하기 위한 프로젝트 확장 가능성을 평가할 계획이다. Padre 댐의 CEO Allen Carlisle는 “캘리포니아에 살면서 가뭄은 현실적이고 일반적인 환경이며, 물 공급을 다양화하고 수입 물에 대한 의존도를 줄이기 위한 Padre 댐 작업은 필수적이다”라고 말했다.
만약 시연이 성공적으로 끝나면 Padre 댐은 50Ml/d의 간접음용수를 생산하는 용량까지 시설을 확장할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 식수 분배 이전에 자연 정화되어 분출되는 샨티 지역 지하수 유역에 처리된 물을 주입하는 것까지 더할 것으로 보인다.
[원문내용]
Biwater bags California reuse contract
UK water technology group Biwater has been awarded a contract to design, supply and commission all process, mechanical, electrical and control components for a planned wastewater reuse demonstration project in California, USA.
Lead contractor on the advanced water treatment plant for Padre Dam Municipal Water District, Integrated Water Solutions (IWS) has selected Biwater to provide a turnkey project. The US$ 1.55 million demonstration project, will be funded from a US$ 3 million state grant, and will comprise an indirect potable reuse facility. The plant will include four water treatment steps - free chlorine disinfection, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV)/advanced oxidation.
The project will include It will include field pumps, a chlorine contactor, chemical dosing systems, ultrafiltration system, reverse osmosis system, advanced oxidation process system (using ultraviolet light (UV) and oxidation), programmable logic control and instrumentation, motor control centres and electrical panels. Colorado-based IWS will deliver civil engineering and construction work.
Following commissioning, the demonstration project will run for a one year during which it will treat secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in the thee Padre Dam region. The treated water - some 0,5 Ml/d - will be used for demonstration and testing purposes to ensure it meets or exceeds the California Public Health Department\''s draft regulations.
At the same time studies will assess the feasibility of extending the project to serve a larger customer base in California. Chief executive officer of Padre Dam. Allen Carlisle, said: "Living in California, drought is a real and regular condition. It is imperative that Padre Dam works to diversify our water supply and reduce our reliance on imported water."
If the demonstration phase is successful, Padre Dam anticipates that it will expand the facility to a full-scale 50Ml/d producer of water for indirect potable reuse. This would entail injecting the treated water into the Santee groundwater basin where it would be filtered naturally and withdrawn to be treated again prior to distribution as drinking water.
[출처 = Desalination & Water Reuse / 2014년 10월 14일]
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[기술동향] [미국] 새 투사기, 셰일가수 하수처리 향상에 도움
[미국] 새 투사기, 셰일가수 하수처리 향상에 도움
듀크 대학교 과학자들은 최근 환경으로 방출된 수압파쇄(프랙킹) 환류 유동체를 확인할 수 있는 새 지열 투사기를 개발했다. 미국과 프랑스 연구가 팀이 만든 이 투사기는 버지니아 서부의 유출지역과 펜실베니아에 위치한 석유, 가스 브라인 하수처리 플랜트의 하류에서 현장실험을 거쳤다.
[원문내용]
New tracers help identify fracking fluids, improving shale gas wastewater treatment
Scientists at Duke University have recently developed new geochemical tracers that can identify hydraulic fracturing (fracking) flowback fluids that have been spilled or released into the environment. The tracers, which were created by a team of U.S. and French researchers, have been field-tested at a spill site in West Virginia and downstream from an oil and gas brine wastewater treatment plant in Pennsylvania.
"This gives us new forensic tools to detect if \''frac fluids\'' are escaping into our water supply and what risks, if any, they might pose," said Duke University geochemist Avner Vengosh, who co-led the research. "By characterizing the isotopic and geochemical fingerprints of enriched boron and lithium in flowback water from hydraulic fracturing, we can now track the presence of frac fluids in the environment and distinguish them from wastewater coming from other sources, including conventional oil and gas wells."
Using the tracers, scientists can determine where fracturing fluids have or haven\''t been released to the environment and, ultimately, help identify ways to improve how shale gas wastewater is treated and disposed of. Vengosh and his colleagues published their peer-reviewed findings October 20 in the journal Environmental Science & Technology. Their study, which was funded in part by the National Science Foundation, is the first to report on the development of the boron and lithium tracers.
Nathaniel R. Warner, Obering Postdoctoral Fellow at Dartmouth College, was lead author of the study. "This new technology can be combined with other methods to identify specific instances of accidental releases to surface waters in areas of unconventional drilling," he said. "It could benefit industry as well as federal and state agencies charged with monitoring water quality and protecting the environment."
Fracking fluids typically contain mixes of water, proprietary chemicals and sand. Mixtures can vary from site to site. Drillers inject large volumes of the fluids down gas wells at high pressure to crack open shale formations deep underground and allow natural gas trapped within the shale to flow out and be extracted. After the shale has been fractured, the fluids flow back up the well to the surface along with the gas and highly saline brines from the shale formation.
"The flowback fluid that returns to the surface becomes a waste that needs to be managed," Vengosh said. "Deep-well injection is the preferable disposal method, but injecting large volumes of wastewater into deep wells can cause earthquakes in sensitive areas and is not geologically available in some states. In Pennsylvania, much of the flowback is now recycled and reused, but a significant amount of it is still discharged into local streams or rivers."
Vengosh said it\''s possible to identify the presence of fracking fluid in spilled or discharged flowback by tracing synthetic organic compounds that are added to the fluid before it\''s injected down a well. But the proprietary nature of these chemicals, combined with their instability in the environment, limits the usefulness of such tracers. By contrast, the new boron and lithium tracers remain stable in the environment. "The difference is that we are using tracers based on elements that occur naturally in shale formations," Vengosh said.
When drillers inject fracking fluids into a shale formation, they not only release hydrocarbon but also boron and lithium that are attached to clay minerals within the formation, he explained. As the fluids react and mix at depth, they become enriched in boron and lithium. As they are brought back to the surface, they have distinctive isotopic fingerprints that are different from other types of wastewater, including wastewater from a conventional gas or oil well, as well as from naturally-occurring background water.
[출처 = Water World / 2014년 10월 20일]
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[기술동향] [미국] MWD, 물 재활용, 담수화, 지하수 정화 투자에 인센티브 부여
[미국] MWD, 물 재활용, 담수화, 지하수 정화 투자에 인센티브 부여
지난 주, 캘리포니아 도심 용수구역(MWD)의 이사회가 물 재사용과 지하수 발견, 담수화된 해수 공급을 발전시키고 생산하기 위해 물 협회에 대한 재정적인 인센티브를 늘렸다. 이는 주 남부에서 더 적극적으로 지역의 수자원을 개발하려는 노력의 일환이다.
이사회는 MWD의 지역 자원 프로그램에 일련의 세분을 승인했다. 이 프로그램은 서비스 지역 전역에서 물 재활용과 지하수 발견 노력을 위해 경제적으로 인센티브를 수여한다.
[원문내용]
MWD pushes incentive for water recycling, desalination, groundwater cleanup investments
This week, the board of directors at California\''s Metropolitan Water District (MWD) increased the financial incentive for water agencies to develop and produce recycled water, recovered groundwater and desalinated seawater supplies, in an effort to become more aggressive in developing local water resources throughout the southern part of the state.
The board approved a series of refinements to MWD\''s Local Resources Program, which provides economic incentives for recycling and groundwater recovery efforts throughout its service area, including increasing the maximum incentive to $340 per acre-foot from $250 per acre-foot for water produced. The program aims to reduce the region\''s reliance on Metropolitan\''s imported deliveries from Northern California and the Colorado River and help improve the reliability of Southern California\''s future supplies.
"Ongoing and new efforts to locally produce these resources and lower water demands plays a fundamental role in our long-term water plan. However, the costs to develop and maintain these supplies are a significant hurdle to initiating new projects," said Board Chairman Randy Record. "The increased incentive will go a long way toward making these local investments more cost-effective and sustainable throughout our six-county service area."
Over the years, MWD has provided about $490 million in incentives to develop more than 2 million acre-feet of recycled water and 720,000 acre-feet of recovered groundwater supplies that otherwise would not meet drinking water quality standards. (An acre-foot of water is nearly 326,000 gallons, about the amount used by two typical Southland households in and around the home in a year.) Of the 99 projects under the program, 85 are in operation. Today, more than half of the recycled and recovered supplies produced in the Southland have been developed through MWD\''s Local Resources Program.
"We recognize that more can be done to expand available local supplies for the region and become even more drought-ready," said Debra C. Man, MWD\''s COO and assistant general manager. "Since 2011, we\''ve been working with our member public agencies to identify what actions can be taken to stimulate additional local resource projects and increase future supply reliability. These revisions to the regional program will make local projects more viable and help the region meet the statewide goal of reducing residential per-capita water use 20 percent by the year 2020."
The inclusion of seawater desalination projects under MWD\''s Local Resources Program replaces a separate desalination program established by the district in 2001. Among the other refinements approved by the board is the addition of reimbursable services to the program. Under this component, Metropolitan would offer a variety of technical and financial services to accelerate development of local projects.
[출처 = Water World / 2014년 10월 16일]
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[기술동향] [터키] 자동화 솔루션, 지열발전 플랜트의 물 절약 도와
[터키] 자동화 솔루션, 지열발전 플랜트의 물 절약 도와
GE의 진보된 자동화 기술 덕분에 Kipa? Holding가 소유한 터키의 세 지열발전 플랜트가 눈에 띄게 물 재사용을 절감하고, CO2 배출을 낮췄으며, 부식을 줄였다. 또한 이 공장들은 현재 데이터를 분석하기 위한 산업인터넷을 사용하고 있다.
Kipa? Holding의 최근 Maren Enerji 플랜트 확장은 총 68MW의 전기를 함께 생산해내고 있다. 이 회사는 또한 24MW를 생산하는 새 플랜트를 건설하고 있다.
[원문내용]
Automated solutions help Turkish geothermal power plants analyze data, save water
With help from advanced automated technology from GE (NYSE: GE), three geothermal power plants in Turkey, owned by Kipa? Holding, have significantly reduced water usage, lowered CO2 emissions, decreased corrosion, and are now using the Industrial Internet to analyze data. Kipa? Holding\'s recent expansion of the existing Maren Enerji plants together produces a total of 68 megawatts (MW) of electricity. The company is also constructing one new plant, which will produce 24 MW.
Harnessing the power of the Industrial Internet, the Maren Enerji geothermal plants, located in Aydin, Turkey, are using GE\'s InSight* Knowledge Management Solution, a remote monitoring and diagnostic platform, to monitor the performance of the water treatment systems at the power plants. GE\'s InSight, a web-based platform, helps maximize the plant\'s reliability through real-time visualization and diagnostics related to keeping the water systems\' performance and contributing parameters on track.
GE also provided an automatic chemical solution preparation unit to remove the chance of human error in preparing the solution manually. In geothermal power plants, chemical dosing needs to be precise, and GE\'s solution ensures accuracy. It also provided an environmentally friendly solution to reduce water consumption in an area that is experiencing a shortage of agricultural-quality water.
The geothermal power plants have one of the world\'s longest underground piping networks to deliver chemicals to the geothermal wells. Due to GE\'s automatic chemical ?solution preparation unit and the underground delivery system, Maren Enerji has ceased truck deliveries within agricultural zones, which improved air quality by eliminating dust and lowering CO2 emissions due to less traffic from delivery trucks.
For Maren Enerji\'s savings, GE honored the company with its Return on Environment (ROE) award, which recognizes customers for significantly surpassing and improving environmental and industrial operational goals and balancing industrial demands. During the ROE three-tier selection process, GE examined set goals as well as the achieved environmental, operational and financial benefits. The ROE is a prestigious award given to honor a significant environmental (water, energy, resource) component.
"As government support for renewable sources of energy increases in Turkey, we have seen a rise in geothermal power projects," said Ralph Hadley, regional executive, Europe and Russia -- water and process technologies for GE Power & Water. "Today, geothermal is used for more than just central heating and is recognized as a viable form of power generation."
[출처 = Water World / 2014년 10월 16일]
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[기술동향] [호주] 저온 폐열 담수화 공정에 적용 가능
[호주] 저온 폐열 담수화 공정에 적용 가능
서호주 대학교의 조사에 따르며 역삼투압 공정에 적합하지 않은 담수를 생산하는 증류식 담수화 공정에 산업으로 발생되는 폐열을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다고 발표했다.
이 연구에 따르면 다단증발법을 사용하는 보충 증류식 담수화 전체적인 다중효용법 효율을 40~50% 향상시킨다.
UWA 대학의 기계 및 화학공학 교수인 Hui Tong Chua는 이 기술은 100ºC 이하로 폐기되는 저온을 최대한 활용하기 위해 설계됐다고 설명했다.
또한, 공정은 적합하지 않은 역삼투압 공정의 폐수를 사용할 수 있다. Hui는 “ 정제 공장에서 수행 거부된 공정경로, 고밀도 염성, 오프 pH, 높은 이산화규소를 포함하는 지하수 등에서 이 기술은 대부분 적용가능하다”며 “ 이 기술은 강 보호가 영구적인 걱정이며 역삼투압 기술으 공정 유체에 사용하지 못하는 알루미나 공제 공장과 같은 정제공장에 제일 적합하다”고 밝혔다.
이 시스템은 확장가능하고 폐수공정에서 발생되는 물을 재생하거나 담수를 생산하는 다양한 산업에 적용가능한 잠재력이 있다. Hui 교수는 “ 이같은 기술은 바이오매스와 같은 재생에너지와 병행하여 사용할 수 있다”고 말했다.
[원문내용]
Low-grade waste heat holds promise for desalination
Low-grade, waste heat produced by industry may be applicable to distillation desalination to make fresh water where revere osmosis is not suitable according to findings by the University of Western Australia (UWA).
The study found that by supplementing distillation-desalination with multi-stage flashing increased the overall efficiency of existing multi-effect distillation by 40-50%.UWA School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering\'s Professor Hui Tong Chua said the technology was designed to maximize the low-grade - below 100ºC - heat which is often considered to be waste.
Hui said the process was suitable for use with wastewater that was unsuitable for reverse osmosis: "For rejected process streams from refineries, and for high-saline, off pH, and/or high-silica content groundwater, the technology is most suitable" he said. "The technology is best suited to refineries, such as alumina refineries, where the conservation of steam is of paramount concern, and where the process fluid cannot use reverse osmosis technology," he says.
The flash-boosted multi-effect distillation (MED) require more energy than reverse osmosis for pumping and averages a 22-34% energy penalty. "The new technology is essentially comparable to optimised MED, to within one per cent," said Hui.
The system was scalable and had the potential for industry-wide adoption to produce or recover fresh water from process effluent according to Hui. "The same technology can also be coupled with renewable energy, such as biomass, to provide a stable supply of water to remote communities," he added.
[출처 = Desalination & Water Reuse / 2014년 10월 2일]
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